Space Funeral 4
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Mission insigniaEdward Higgins White II (November 14, 1930 – January 27, 1967) (, ) was an American, officer, and.After graduating from in 1952 with a, White was assigned to the at, West Germany. There, he flew in and squadrons. In 1958, he enrolled in the to study. White then received test pilot training at, California, before being assigned as a test pilot for the at, Ohio.White was selected as one of the. He was assigned as pilot of alongside command pilot.
On June 3, 1965, White became the first American to. He was then assigned as senior pilot of the first crewed Apollo mission,.
White died on January 27, 1967, alongside astronauts and in a fire during prelaunch testing for Apollo 1 at. He was awarded the for his flight in Gemini 4 and was then awarded the posthumously. Contents.Early life White was born on November 14, 1930, in, to parents (1901–1978), a graduate and in the, and Mary Rosina White ( Haller; 1900–1983). He also has a younger brother, James Blair White. His interest in aviation was sparked after his father allowed him to fly in a T-6 trainer at the age of twelve.
He became a member of the, where he earned the rank of.Due of the nature of his father's job, White's family moved often to different military bases across the country throughout his childhood. The White family moved from San Antonio, Texas to, where he attended Oakwood Junior High School. They then moved to, where White attended. After graduating in 1948, he was accepted to the, where in 1952 he graduated with a degree.While at West Point, White competed for a spot on the 1952 in the 400 meter race, but missed making the team by 4/10 second. White was also a half-back on the West Point soccer team. His hobbies included, and.Military service White joined the Air Force, and received his initial pilot training at, Florida, and his jet training at,.
After receiving his in 1953, White was commissioned as a, and was sent to, Arizona for Fighter Gunnery School. He was then assigned to the at, West Germany, where he spent three and a half years flying in and in the defense of. Among his colleagues were, who was a year ahead of him at West Point.In 1957, White read an article about the future of astronauts, and decided to become an astronaut. He believed that getting an advanced degree would improve his chances of becoming selected. In 1958, White enrolled in the under Air Force sponsorship to study, where he received his degree in 1959.
After it became clear that being a test pilot would improve his chances of becoming selected as an astronaut, he attended the at, California in July 1959. He earned his credentials as a and was assigned to the at, Ohio.
There, he did flight tests for weapons development, and helped make recommendations for aircraft design. As weightlessness and extended flight training captain, he also piloted the planes used to train astronauts in weightlessness, such as the, the, and the. Some of his passengers included, the first American to orbit the Earth, and, the first hominid in space.
During his career, White would log more than 3,000 flight hours with the Air Force, including about 2,200 hours in, and would ultimately attain the rank of. Family In 1953, White married Patricia Finegan, whom he met at a West Point football game. The Whites had two children, Edward White III (born September 16, 1953) and Bonnie Lynn White (born May 15, 1956). White was a devout. NASA career Gemini program Gemini 4.
Main article:White was one of nine men chosen as part of in 1962. Within an already elite group, White was considered to be skilled by the management of.
He was selected to be Pilot of, serving alongside Command Pilot.On June 3, 1965, the Gemini 4 crew was launched into space to begin its four-day mission. After separation from the upper stage, McDivitt attempted to rendezvous with the booster. However, this was unsuccessful since the astronauts were not adequately trained to rendezvous in orbit. The objective had to be abandoned since the allocated propellant had been used up, and the maneuvers had pushed the spacecraft's orbit too far away from Earth.After the failed rendezvous attempt, White appeared tired and hot, so the EVA was postponed from the second revolution to the third revolution. Crisis zone pcb.
At 19:46 UTC, White became the first American to make a. During his spacewalk, White used an oxygen propelled gun called the to propel himself.
White found the experience so exhilarating that he was reluctant to terminate the EVA at the allotted time, and had to be ordered back into the spacecraft. While he was outside, a spare thermal glove floated away through the open hatch of the spacecraft, becoming an early piece of in, until it burned up upon. There was a mechanical problem with the hatch mechanism, which made it difficult to open and to relatch. Luckily, McDivitt was able to get the door locked by using his glove to push on the gears that controlled the mechanism.
This added to the time constraint of the spacewalk and could have threatened the lives of both men if McDivitt had been unable to get the hatch latched, as they could not re-enter the atmosphere with an unsealed hatch.I'm coming back in. And it's the saddest moment of my life. — Astronaut Edward H. White while reentering the spacecraft after his EVA,The mission also included 11 different scientific experiments, including the use of a for celestial navigation.White's next assignment after Gemini 4 was as the backup for Command Pilot. He was also named the astronaut specialist for the flight control systems of the. By the usual procedure of crew rotation in the Gemini program, White would have been in line for a second flight as the command pilot of in July 1966, which would have made him the first of his group to fly twice. Apollo program Apollo 1.
Main article:In March 1966 White was selected as senior pilot (second seat) for the first crewed Apollo flight, designated AS-204. His fellow astronauts would be Command Pilot, who had flown in space on the mission and as Commander of the Gemini mission, and Pilot, who had yet to fly into space. The mission, which the men named Apollo 1 in June, was originally planned for late 1966 to rendezvous with the last Gemini mission, but the impracticality of making the Gemini capsule and systems compatible with Apollo and delays in the spacecraft development pushed the launch into 1967.
Charred remains of the Apollo 1, in which White was killed along with Gus Grissom and Roger ChaffeeThe launch of Apollo 1 was planned for February 21, 1967. The crew entered the spacecraft at 1:00 pm on January 27, mounted atop its booster on at Cape Kennedy, for a 'plugs-out' test of the spacecraft. The test was to demonstrate all of the space vehicle systems and procedures, which included an abbreviated countdown and flight simulation. It was not classified as hazardous since the rocket would not be fueled during the test. The test's progress was delayed by problems with a cabin odor and poor communications between the ground stations and the crew. At 6:31 pm, a fire broke out in the pure oxygen-filled cabin, killing all three men.Emergency roles had called for White to actuate the inner hatch release handle; then, Grissom would assist him in the removal of the cover, while Chaffee would maintain communications. White had apparently tried to do his part: his body was found in his center seat, with his arms reaching over his head toward the hatch.
Removing the cover to open the hatch was impossible because the design required venting normally slightly greater-than-atmospheric pressure and pulling the cover into the cabin. Grissom was unable to reach the cabin vent control to his left, where the fire's source was located. The intense heat raised the cabin pressure even more, to 29 pounds per square inch (200 kPa), at which point the cabin walls ruptured. The astronauts were killed by,. Aftermath The fire's ignition source was determined to be a spark that jumped from a wire on the far left of the spacecraft, under Grissom's seat, but their deaths were attributed to a wide range of lethal hazards in the early Apollo Command Module design, workmanship and conditions of the test, including the highly pressurized 100% pre-launch atmosphere, many wiring and plumbing flaws, flammable materials used in the cockpit and the astronauts' flight suits, and a hatch which could not be quickly opened in an emergency.
After the incident, these problems were fixed, and the Apollo program carried on successfully to reach its objective of landing men on the Moon.White was buried with full at while Grissom and Chaffee are both buried in.In 1997, White was posthumously awarded the. White was inducted into the in 1993 and the on July 18, 2009.White's wife Patricia received $100,000 from the life insurance portion of the contract the astronauts signed to give two publishing firms exclusive rights to the stories and photographs of the astronauts and their families. She also received $16,250 annually for the life of the contract. Patricia later remarried and continued to reside in Houston.
On September 7, 1983, she committed suicide after surgery earlier in the year to remove a tumor. Organizations White was a member of the; associate member of; (Engineering Honorary); and Sigma Delta Psi (Athletic Honorary). Awards and honors. for Science and Exploration, 1965. Medalha Bandeirantes va Cosmonautica. Firefly Club Award., 1965. Five Outstanding Young Texans, 1965.
National Aviation Club's Achievement Award, 1966White and McDivitt were presented degrees in astronautical science by the University of Michigan after their Gemini 4 flight. Later that week they traveled to the where President Johnson presented them the. The duo were also awarded the 's John F. Kennedy Trophy. White received the 1965 for his spacewalk.
It is a trophy given by the to outstanding air force personnel. He was inducted into the Aerospace Primus Club (the 'most exclusive club on Earth') for his EVA. He was awarded the AIAA for 1967. The Apollo 1 crew was awarded the posthumously in a 1969 presentation of the to the Apollo 11 crew.White, along with nine other Gemini astronauts, was inducted into the in 1982. President Clinton presented the White and Chaffee families with the in 1997 (Grissom's family received the medal in 1978). Memorials Schools Many schools have been named in honor of Lt Colonel White:.
Edward White Elementary Career Academy in. Edward H. White Middle School in White's hometown of. Edward H. White II Elementary School in. Edward White Elementary School in. Ed White Memorial High School in.
in. Edward H. White Elementary School in Houston, Texas.
in Huntsville is home to NASA's and has strong community ties to the space program. At the same time, the named Roger B. Chaffee Elementary School and for White's fallen crewmates. Edward H. White Memorial Youth Center,Other sites. Launch Complex 34 Plaque. Edward White Hospital in (closed in 2014).
Edward H. White II Park in.
Fullerton has also named parks in honor of Chaffee and Grissom. Island White, an in off.
Edward H. White Hall was a dormitory at in. White Hall housed the 365th Training Squadron until 2010. The 365th trains aircraft avionics technicians. McDivitt-White Plaza is located outside West Hall at the University of Michigan. West Hall formerly housed the College of Engineering and counts James McDivitt and Ed White among its alumni (McDivitt earned his B.S.
And White earned his M.S. At the University of Michigan). The dismantled at bears two memorial plaques. One reads, 'They gave their lives in service to their country in the ongoing exploration of humankind's final frontier. Remember them not for how they died but for those ideals for which they lived.' And the other 'In memory of those who made the ultimate sacrifice so others could reach for the stars. Ad astra per aspera, (a rough road leads to the stars).
God speed to the crew of Apollo 1.' White II American Legion Post 521;.
Edward White Park in Garland, Texas.In space. Eight months after his death, in September 1967, a was issued by the, commemorating White's spacewalk. It was the first time in USPO history that the design was actually spread over two stamps (one which featured White, the other his Gemini capsule, the two connected by a tether), which was considered befitting the 'twins' aspect of the Gemini mission.Omega Speedmaster 'Ed White' The wristwatch reference 105.003 has come to be known as the 'Ed White' as this reference was worn by White during his. The Speedmaster remains the only watch qualified by NASA for use. In media White was played by Steven Ruge in the 1995 film, by in the 1998, and by in the 2015 ABC TV series. In 2018, he was portrayed by in.
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